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Active ingredient: Chloroquine
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There are drugs like Chloroquine which destroy the parasites within the blood but not within the liver. Corticoid steroids are regularly prescribed in curing lupus. This is actually the half-life for this particular drug. There are numerous medications accessible to reduce malaria. Gymnemna Sylvestre-Used in curing diabetes and hypoglycemia. ” Used just for travel to areas where there isn’t any chloroquine-resistant malaria.
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Sexual side results and problems with shock-like sensations within the brain are truly the most undesirable. The precise frequency isn’t clear because lots of people with the condition never experience symptoms. In the instance of meningitis, the inner ear has a tendency to turn into inflamed which contributes to deafness. Besides the above reasons for deafness, there are several unknown causes. Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea might also occur. Allow me to give you a list of the kinds of medications that can lead to tinnitus.
” Review your particular itinerary and determine your chance of malaria exposure. For or solutions they need to be taken on empty stomachs with the purpose to raise the effectiveness. Should be utilized with caution, and with sufficient fiber as well as water within the diet to stop dehydration. This is the reason someone should continually need vitamins, nutritious food regime, adequate and normal exercise, and clean environment. Cloves-(Excessive levels of cloves can bring about liver deterioration, blood within the urine, diarrhea, nausea, and dizziness). Increased hair growth, in addition to darkening and thickening of the skin could also occur.
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Active – active substance / start: chloroquine, hingamin
delagil; Rezohin; hingamin; Chloroquine.
Chloroquine – antimalarial, amebitsidnoe, immunosuppressive agent. For the treatment and prevention of all types of malaria, the treatment of extra-intestinal amebiasis. It is used as part of combination therapy in systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, rheumatoid arthritis, photodermatosis.
Active – active substance:
Chloroquine / Chloroquine.
Dosage Forms:
Tablets.
powder.
The solution for injection.
Chloroquine
Properties / Action:
Chloroquine – a derivative of 6 – aminoquinoline. Action Chloroquine is due to an inhibitory effect on DNA synthesis, the influence on the activity of some enzymes, immunological processes.
Chloroquine – antimalarial; rapidly causes the death of asexual erythrocytic forms of all kinds of parasites (Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium falciparum). In some strains of Plasmodium falciparum, their gametocytes, Chloroquine does not act on ekstraeritrotsitarnye form.
Chloroquine is effective for amebiasis; amebitsidnoe means. Active also against the tissue forms of dysentery amoeba.
Chloroquine has a moderate, non-specific immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory action due to an inhibitory effect on nucleic acid synthesis.
Chloroquine is widely used in the treatment of connective tissue (diffuse connective tissue disease): systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, and especially rheumatoid arthritis, in which he is regarded as one of the basic means. It is believed that the therapeutic action in rheumatoid arthritis Chloroquine is immunosuppressive action, the dominant influence on the metabolism of immune cells, as well as connective tissue metabolism. Compared with other DMARDs (D -. Penicillamine, gold preparations, etc.) Chloroquine is considered less effective. The effect is gradual: subside pain, reduced stiffness, improved joint mobility, decrease exudative phenomena. Along with the improvement of the clinical picture, decreased erythrocyte sedimentation rate, there is a tendency to normalization of the protein composition of the blood, reduces the content of C -. Reactive protein, etc. The effect is more pronounced in diseases of mild to moderate severity with a predominance of exudative phenomena and to a lesser extent – in severe cases, with a predominance of proliferative phenomena. In order to accelerate and enhance the therapeutic effect Chloroquine should be combined with corticosteroids (prednisone. Dexamethasone), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (indomethacin. Piroxicam. Diclofenac. Aspirin).
There are also data on the efficacy of chloroquine in ankylosing spondylitis (ankylosing spondylitis), Borowski’s disease, glomerulonephritis and renal amyloidosis, lichen planus.
Chloroquine has antiarrhythmic activity in patients with premature beats and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation contributes to the restoration of sinus rhythm. By the nature of the action relates to antiaritmikam group I.
Pharmacokinetics:
Chloroquine is well and rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Maximum plasma concentration achieved after 2 -. 6 hours Chloroquine accumulates in the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, avidly binds to granulocytes, platelets, it penetrates through the BBB. the placental barrier, excreted in breast milk. Plasma protein binding is 55%. In a small extent (about 25%) is metabolized in the body, 70% is excreted unchanged. In acidic urine elimination rate is increased. The half-life of 30 – 60 days.
Indications:
Dosage and administration:
The inside (after eating), intramuscularly, intravenously the drip.
For the treatment of malaria 2,0 – 2,5 grams per course of treatment: 1 – Day 1 g single dose, and then, after 6 – 8 hours, another 500 mg on Days 2 and 3 500 – 750 mg daily in one reception. When tropical malaria treatment may last for 5 days; 4 – and 5 – th days to give 0.5 g of 1 reception. The highest daily dose for adults when administered 1.5 g If you have nausea or vomiting, the first dose should be administered intramuscularly. In severe cases, treatment should begin with a slow intravenous drip; 6 hours later, the same dose should be repeated in the same manner or by intramuscular injection. The single dose for an adult of 10 ml of a 5% solution. Thereafter Chloroquine administered orally for 2 – x days in a dose of 500 mg. Children under the age of 1 year, 1 day – 50 mg; in 2 days, and 3 – 25 mg. Services 1 – 6 years – 125 mg day 1, 2 and 3 in days – 50 mg. Services 6 – 10 – 1 250 mg daily, in 2 or 3 days – 125 mg. Babies 10 – 15 years 1 day – 500 mg, in 2 – 3 Days – 250 mg. For
malaria prophylaxis in the first week, 2 times, 1 time and then in the same day of the week 500 mg. Children appoint at 7.6 mg / kg per week.
In the extra-intestinal amebiasis 1 g / day in 2 divided doses for 2 – day, then 500 mg 3 times a day for 7 days, followed by 250 mg 3 times a day 7 more days in the future for 2 – 6 months. 500 – 750 mg 2 times a week. Recommend to take in combination with drugs acting on the intestinal form of amoebas. Babies Chloroquine is prescribed 16 mg / kg / day in 1 reception (maximum daily dose 500 mg / day) for 2 – 3 – weeks, after 2 weeks of treatment, the dose is reduced by 2 times.
In the rheumatoid arthritis within 7 days of 500 mg per day in 2 divided doses, and then as a basic therapy for 12 months at 250 mg a day every day for 12 months. The therapeutic effect is usually at 4 – by week of treatment.
In the systemic lupus erythematosus Chloroquine administered daily 250 – 500 mg (more effective in subacute with a predominance of skin – joint syndrome). When acute course of systemic lupus erythematosus Chloroquine should be used in combination with hormonal therapy during the acute manifestations of the disease subsided.
In the photodermatosis for a week at 250 mg daily, then weekly for the 500 – 750 mg. In the spring, to reduce the phenomenon of photosensitivity, can be administered prophylactically.
There are data on the treatment of intradermal injections of 5% solution of discoid lupus erythematosus, keloids, psoriasis . the solution is injected intradermally (obkalyvanie) 1 – 3 ml of 1 every 3 – 4 days in psoriasis and keloid scars and 1 in every 5 – 7 days – when lupus erythematosus; in the course of 4 – 20 injections. Courses repeated at 1 – 2 – month break.
Local treatment in the form of electrophoresis in the joints, is used in patients with rheumatoid arthritis . 5% solution (5 ml), diluted with distilled water and administered with a negative pole, a current density of 0.03 mA per 1 cm ^ 2; Session Duration 15 – 20 minutes. Per course of treatment 15 – 20 sessions, a session for 1 day.
As the antiarrhythmic sometimes designate the interior of 250 mg 2 – 3 times a day, gradually reducing the dose to 250 mg 1 time per day. Intravenously administered for the relief of arrhythmia in a dose of 500 mg (with repeated administration of 250 mg).
Overdose:
Symptoms: headache, disturbance of consciousness, vomiting, visual disturbances, convulsions and collapse. Death may occur within 2 hours after administration of the respiratory depression. Children can be lethal dose of 1 g
Treatment: gastric lavage; activated carbon (at a dose 5 times higher than the expected dose chloroquine). Perhaps the use of emetics. Peritoneal dialysis.
Contraindications:
When using chloroquine as an antimalarial agent no absolute contraindications.
Use during pregnancy and lactation:
The safety of chloroquine in pregnancy has not been established, therefore its function is possible only when the intended benefits to the mother outweighs the potential risk to the fetus.
chloroquine metabolites are excreted in breast milk, which should be considered in the appointment during lactation.
Side effects:
Short-term use of chloroquine orally in therapeutic doses, are usually tolerated without significant side effects.
On the part of the central nervous system and hearing organs: headache, dizziness, agitation, sleep disorders, psychosis, seizures, neuropathy, myopathy, tinnitus, hearing loss (especially in predisposed patients).
On the part of the organ of vision: blurred vision, disturbances of accommodation, “annular” and / or temporal scotoma, corneal opacity, reversible keratopathy; retinopathy.
On the part of the digestive tract: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, temporary weight loss. Large doses can cause liver damage.
On the part of cardio – vascular system and blood system: rarely – hypotension, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia; chronic administration of high doses – cardiomyopathy with ECG changes.
Dermatological reactions: dermatitis, photosensitivity, pruritus, rash, skin disorder of pigmentation and mucous membranes, alopecia, hair graying. When dermatitis, reduce the dose or cancel Chloroquine.
Special instructions and precautions:
With ostorozhnostityu used for deficiency of glucose – 6 – phosphate dehydrogenase, retinopathy, epilepsy, chronic alcoholism, impaired renal function.
With prolonged use of the total dose per course of treatment should not exceed 150 g
In the treatment of chloroquine should be carried out common blood and urine tests, systematic monitoring of tendon reflexes, monitor liver function and periodically perform ophthalmologic examination (examination ophthalmologist at least 1 time in 6 months).
Keep in mind the possibility of intolerance to chloroquine in patients with hypersensitivity to derivatives of 4 – aminoquinoline (most often – in children).
If you have muscle weakness, treatment should be stopped immediately. Chloroquine may cause exacerbation of psoriasis, and porphyria.
In the appointment of chloroquine in combination with other drugs (salicylates, corticosteroids, and others.), to consider the possibility of strengthening phenomena lesions of the skin (dermatitis).
When the need for immunization against typhoid oral medication intake of chloroquine start 3 days after the end of the immunization.
With a slow parenteral solutions chloroquine complications were observed, and the rapid intravenous administration may cause collapse.
Effects on ability to drive and use machines:
Reduced sharpness of vision possible when taking low doses of chloroquine, which should be considered for patients involved in potentially hazardous activities that require increased attention and rapid mental and motor responses.
Drug Interactions:
The combination of chloroquine with other antimalarial drugs can give an antagonistic effect.
Chloroquine is incompatible with the gold preparations, penicillamine, phenylbutazone th, cytostatics, levamisole th, as it increases the risk of neurotoxicity and the occurrence of skin reactions.
In combination with glucocorticoid chloroquine increases the risk of myopathy and cardiomyopathy.
At the same time taking chloroquine with MAO inhibitors possible mutual reinforcement of toxic action.
Co-administration of chloroquine with ethanol increases the hepatotoxic effects of the drug.
Long term concurrent use of chloroquine with cardiac glycosides increase the risk of glycoside intoxication.
At the same time taking chloroquine with antacids impaired absorption of chloroquine.
At the same time taking chloroquine with chloroquine cimetidine may increase the plasma concentrations.
Storage:
List B. The well-closed container, protected from light.
The expiration date on the package.
Terms of pharmacy holiday – prescription.
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