Last Updated on September 18, 2021 by Dr.Derek Fhisher
Most popular brand: Precose
Active ingredient: Acarbose
Available dosage forms: 25, 50 mg
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Acarbose general information
Acarbose, brand name Glucobay, is actually a drug which is used in curing diabetes. Using Acarbose to minimize the quantity of sugar the body produces will then reduce the degree of insulin produced.
Millions of people suffer with adult-onset diabetes mellitus. They very rarely lead to hypoglycemia and don’t induce weight gain. Very higher blood pressure is dangerous for those who have diabetes and needs to be treated. They’re also helpful for several conditions like asthma and arthritis.
Combining treatment withGlucophage, tends to raise the discomfort of gastrointestinal results and shouldn’t be tried unless instructed by your doctor. If you’re experiencing at least one of these symptoms, you ought to understand your doctor. Seek advice from your doctor before taking the medication. Steer clear of ill-fitting dentures that might cause mouth sores.
Before beginning a fitness program, exercise stress testing needs to be obtained if you are 35 decades or older. Exercise is vital both in reducing progression to diabetes in addition to decreasing your risk for cardiovascular disease. Additionally, It helps your body burn calories that is beneficial for weight-loss program. Insulin must certanly be used for people who have type I Diabetes and is usually needed for all those with type 2 Diabetes.
It will always be much better to visit a professional doctor to understand what drug will best fit your needs. Your physician will prescribe a particular drug regimen once you’re diagnosed with having diabetes. The write-up will subsequently go to describe some drug treatments in addition to the side results. They’re being observed to look out for complications just like the injectable medications.
We’re going to be studying the previous 3 group of drugs. Then He chooses a medication with that class. In this specific article, we’ll discus both subjects. Each class works in an alternative way.
Management of diabetes mellitus counts on the form of diabetes the patient had. The individual could be treated with hypertensive medication and way of life modification like weight reduction, exercise and dieting. For proper, management and constraint of diabetes mellitus type 2, most cases will require the application of antidiabetic drugs as well as dietary modification and raised physical exercise. It is beneficial as the very first field of treatment for diabetes.
The exercise doesn’t must be intense to really have a positive effects. Keep in mind that exercise alone, without refinements in your diet and calorie restriction, isn’t likely to truly have a significant effect on your weight. The advice used to be to eat a very low fat, large starch, moderate protein diet, just like the diet healthy men and women should follow. Understand if you’re at risk for diabetes.
The health and monetary expenses of prediabetes aren’t known. Remember however that only individuals with prediabetes are evaluated within the big diabetes prevention trials. Metformin is the typical drug under this particular class. This drug might also result in weight loss. All studies have been run in people who have prediabetes. There are specific indications which you have or may be at an elevated risk of creating prediabetes.
Diabetics are a lot more vulnerable to gum disease. It is not going to cause any hypoglycemia and will assist in lessening the excess weight. Unique diabetics need different rates of treatment. They could reduce inflammative conditions like redness, swelling and soreness.
Diabetes is also a powerful predictor for the progression of cardiovascular disease. Other risk factors incorporate abnormal lipids, especially significant triglycerides and very low HDL (the decent cholesterol) and diagnosed cardiovascular disease. Insulin overdose can result in low c peptide and higher insulin level. It really is associated with pancreatic disorder that results in insulin deficiency like pancreatitis, hemochromatosis and pancreatic cancer or the application of certain drugs like loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics.
The issue arises when the body cannot produce enough insulin (created within the pancreas). It’s a peptide hormone that is synthesized in a type of proinsulin. It truly is synthesized within the pancreas. In addition, It decreases glucagons secretion.
Hypoglycaemia is condition because of the minimal level of the blood glucose. Vitamin K is necessary for the blood clotting in the event of severe wounds and so helps to prevent the loss of blood. By boosting the quantity of glucose lost via the urine, and decreasing the sum of sugar absorbed back in the blood stream, blood sugar might be decreased. If Hypoglycemia happens, the patient can exclusively be treated with glucose.
Insulin is just a peptide hormone. It’s treated by the gradual decrease in Insulin dose. Gradual decrease in Insulin dose in future. At the suggested dosage, the product is simply marginally effectual in reducing serum glucose levels.
Type II diabetes, which is frequently thought of as insulin resistance, is slightly more complex. In diabetes type II the problem isn’t only a deficiency of insulin however a defect within the receptors for insulin within the cell walls of fat and muscle tissue, and also the liver. Type1 diabetes mellitus the individual may have problems with dearth of insulin and the sole treatment might include insulin replacement technique. Autonomic neuropathy is an alternative condition that has an impact on the diabetic patient.
Precose (Acarbose) – instructions for use, description of the pharmacological action, indications for use, dosage and mode of administration, contraindications, side effects
Code CAS: 56180 – 94 – 0
Description
Characteristics: The oligosaccharide obtained by the fermentation of the microorganism Actinoplanes utahensis. It is a white or almost white powder. Soluble in water. The molecular weight of 645,6.
Mode of action
Pharmacology: Mode of action – hypoglycemic. Competitive and reversibly inhibits pancreatic alpha – amylase (hydrolyze polysaccharides to oligosaccharides) and membrane-bound intestinal alpha – glucosidase (cleaves the oligo -, three -. And disaccharides to glucose and other monosaccharides) in the lumen of the small intestine. And reduces the formation of glucose absorption in the gut, reduces postprandial hyperglycemia, diurnal variations of blood glucose. Do not increase the insulin incretion and does not cause hypoglycemia.
In experimental studies, in vitro and in vivo no evidence of mutagenicity. Introduction with food rats had no effect on fertility and general reproductive capacity.
From gastrointestinal absorbed about 35% of the administered dose, probably in the form of metabolites (including 2% ; in an active form). C_max is 1 hour, metabolites ; 14 – 24 hours in patients with renal insufficiency. (Cl creatinine < 25 ml / min / 1.73 m ^ 2) C_max increases 5 times, the elderly ; 1.5. Exclusively metabolized mainly in the gastrointestinal tract by intestinal bacteria and digestive enzymes in part, with the formation of at least 13 compounds. The major metabolites identified as derivatives of 4 – metilpirogallola (in the form of sulphate, and methyl glucuronic conjugates). One metabolite ; cleavage product in the glucose molecule acarbose, has the ability to inhibit alpha – glucosidase. Unabsorbed acarbose (about 51% of dose) is excreted in the faeces within 96 hours Approximately 34% of the dose is excreted by the kidneys as metabolites, less than 2% .; in unchanged form and as an active metabolite. T_1 / 2 ; 2 hours.
Indications for use
Application: Sugar rafineries type 2 diabetes with poor diet (whose rate should not be less than 6 months), as well as the inefficiency of combined treatment with sulfonylureas low-calorie diet.
Contraindications
Contraindications: Hypersensitivity, diabetic ketoacidosis, cirrhosis of the liver; acute and chronic inflammatory bowel disease, complicated by impaired digestion and absorption; pathology of the gastrointestinal tract with flatulence, ulcerative colitis, intestinal obstruction, including partial or predisposition to it, hernia of large size, expressed renal failure, pregnancy, breast-feeding.
Restrictions on the use: When fever, trauma, surgery and the upcoming postoperative application is only possible if the expected effect outweighs the potential risk. Children’s age (safety and efficacy of the children are not identified).
Pregnancy and lactation: Contraindicated in pregnancy. At the time of treatment should stop breastfeeding.
Side Effects
Side effects: Co part of the intestine: jaundice, abdominal pain, flatulence, diarrhea.
Others: rare ; spontaneous, transient increase in transaminases (AST and ALT), decreased hematocrit level (without changing the concentration of hemoglobin), reducing the concentration of calcium, vitamin B_6 plasma.
Interaction Effect charcoal reduces intestinal and other adsorbents, preparations of digestive enzymes containing pancreatin or amylase.. . Thiazide diuretics, corticosteroids, phenothiazines, thyroid hormones, estrogens, oral contraceptives, phenytoin, nicotinic acid, sympathomimetics, calcium channel blockers, isoniazid and other means of causing hyperglycemia significantly weaken the specific activity (possible decompensation diabetes), sulfonylureas ; increase.
Symptoms: enhancement of discomfort in the abdomen, diarrhea, flatulence.
Treatment: not required.
Dosage and method of administration
Dosage and administration: Inside, at the beginning of the meal ; 25 mg three times a day. Increasing the dose to 50 – 100 mg three times a day is made after 4 – 8 – week intervals and is based on two criteria ; blood glucose level 1 h after eating and individual tolerability. The usual dose for adults weighing 60 kg or less ; 50 mg, weighing more than 60 kg of ; 100 mg three times a day.
Precautions: Treatment should be under the control of blood glucose and / or glycosylated hemoglobin in urine and transaminase in the first year of treatment ; 1 time in 3 months and then ; periodically. Increasing the dose to 300 mg / day accompanied by a further, but bland reduction of postprandial hyperglycemia with a simultaneous increase in the risk hyperenzymemia (increased concentration of AST and ALT in the blood). While the use of sulfonylurea or insulin may develop hypoglycemia, which is adjusted by the addition of sugar in the food (glucose, but not sucrose) or intravenously the introduction of dextrose, or the use of glucagon (in severe cases).
Other medications and drugs used together and / or instead of the “Acarbose (Acarbose)” in the treatment and / or prevention of the following diseases.
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