Last Updated on February 19, 2017 by Dr.Derek Fhisher
Most popular brand: Epivir
Active ingredient: Lamivudine
Available dosage forms: 100, 150 mg
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Lamivudine general information
Lamivudine belongs to a category of drugs generally known as nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors-NRTI. Epivir-HBV is not the same sort of lamivudine used as a treatment for chronic HBV infection. Lamivudine and zidovudine can also be used for purposes not listed inside this medication guide. Your own doctor may need to review your liver function for many months after you give up using lamivudine and zidovudine. Lamivudine appears to be able enough to lower resistance to AZT. Lamivudine is also well-known as 3TC.
A different formulation of lamivudine was approved for people who have hepatitis B. Some folks develop lactic acidosis when taking lamivudine. Your own doctor may need to review your liver function for many months after you quit using lamivudine. You ought not take lamivudine if you’re allergic to it. Regardless of this, lamivudine continues to be used widely because it’s well tolerated. While taking lamivudine, it is essential to keep all your appointments with your wellbeing care provider.
Liver diseases can on occasion be difficult to diagnose because symptoms can fluctuate according to patient. In advanced instances of cirrhosis, the single treatment option might be a liver transplant. This could eventually result in liver cirrhosis and, in a few cases, liver cancer. Develop cirrhosis that’s advanced liver scarring. Further treatment will depend on the kind and the degree of disease. The treatment which you’ll need for chronic liver disease will be dependent on your unique symptoms.
Hepatitis A virus cannot grow outside the human host, thus time plus temperature controls aren’t relevant. Both are due to virus. Such strain can infect someone and multiply within them.
Selenium is a critical trace mineral which helps in cleansing liver toxins. This herb has been utilized over thousand years in Chinese history in treating quite a few diseases like high blood fat, cardiovascular disease, strengthen immune system together with hepatitis. We emphasize foliate as it is abundant within the liver cell.
The initial step in treatment is always to stop drinking. The precise quantity of alcohol that may harm the liver isn’t known. Generally In most people, it’s quite mild and doesn’t cause considerable liver damage. Medications may be required to handle the complications brought on by the liver damage. Excessive drinking not simply causes liver inflammation, but will likewise result in cirrhosis. It is also helpful in cleansing liver toxins along with fat build-up in liver.
Vaccine is just a means to stop infection using a virus. Dengue fever is, in addition, due to virus. Due to this, it’s best to make an effort to avoid infection in the very first place.
Chronic liver disease contains any long-term liver diseases, for example hepatitis and cirrhosis. In this specific article, we will examine the most usual liver diseases and also the symptoms of liver disease. The disease is known as sickle cell anemia. Or may lead to cirrhosis. Several theories take part in hepatitis B. We’ve explained hepatitis B in regard to theories.
There aren’t any particular medicines that may cure hepatitis E. Therefore, treatment of hepatitis E is centered on addressing any symptoms or complications which might occur. Treatment might include various forms of medication to quiet the painful attacks, to stop future attacks, and to assist stop long-term harm to the joints and relevant disability. Often people don’t have some symptoms or only develop them further on within the disease so that it can be complicated to detect and may be quite advanced before it’s actually picked up. It’s possible to lead a complete and active life with this chronic disease in the event the patient is prepared to take exclusive care of the vital organ.
Chronic liver disease is just a liver disease of slow process which persists during a long time period, causing progressive destruction of the liver. Hepatitis B causes inflammation of the liver causing a serious infection that can bring about liver deterioration, which might result in cancer. Most of the time, hyperuricemia doesn’t result in gout. This condition is known as hyperuricemia and can cause gout attacks in a few people, but not all. Although there’s a connection with diet, there are numerous other factors which can bring about gout. Fatigue can be a debilitating tiredness and is truly a major wellspring of frustration for those who have liver disease.
Hepatitis B results from hepatitis B virus. Likewise, liver cells aren’t inflamed or alternative diseases associated with hepa B virus (jaundice) do not occur. HBsAg indicates antigen within the blood. Bilirubin is a pigment accountable for jaundice. Hepatocyte is just a liver cell.
antiviral agent. Penetrating the cells it is metabolized to 5 – triphosphate, which inhibits HIV reverse transcriptase, leading to inhibition of viral replication. It is active against strains resistant to zidovudine, and when used in combination with the slow development of viral resistance to AZT (in patients previously untreated). Has a higher than zidovudine therapeutic index in vitro (less than AZT inhibits cell – bone marrow precursors, as well as has a less pronounced cytotoxic effect on peripheral blood lymphocytes, lymphocyte and monocyte – macrophage cell line). Little effect on the metabolism of cellular deoxynucleotides and DNA content in mitochondria of intact cells.
Lamivudine highly active against hepatitis B virus (HBV) in all cell lines tested and in all experimentally infected animals.
Rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. Bioavailability is 80 – 88%. C max in the plasma levels achieved after 1 h after administration. Lamivudine penetrates the blood-brain barrier, the placenta. Binding to plasma proteins – 36%. It is metabolized by phosphorylation to form a 5 – triphosphate. T 1/2 – 5 – 7 h 68 -. 71% is excreted in the urine in unchanged form.
Treatment of HIV – infection in adults and children (in a combination therapy with other antiretroviral agents).
Chronic viral hepatitis (CVH B) for HBV replication background in patients aged 16 years and older.
The dose and regimen set depending on the evidence.
From the digestive system: of pain and discomfort in the epigastric region, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, decreased appetite, increase in liver transaminases.
From the CNS: fatigue, headache.
The respiratory system: respiratory tract infection.
Other: malaise.
Hypersensitivity to lamivudine.
Application of pregnancy and breast-feeding
Although there is no direct evidence of teratogenic effects and changes in reproductive function, lamivudine should be used during pregnancy only after careful assessment of the expected benefits and potential risks of side effects.
breast-feeding should be discontinued if necessary the use of lamivudine in the lactation period.
To use caution in renal impairment. When CC less than 50 ml / min require dose adjustment.
Given that lamivudine is derived almost exclusively by the kidneys, correct dosing regimen in patients with impaired hepatic function is required. However, it should be used with caution in patients with severe liver cirrhosis caused by hepatitis B virus, taking into account the risk of disease exacerbation after the abolition of lamivudine.
Lamivudine not used in combination with zidovudine in neutropenia (neutrophil count below 750 / mm) or anemia (hemoglobin of less than 7.5 g / dl or 4.65 mmol / l).
If you have pain in the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, or raising the level of pancreatic enzymes in the blood plasma lamivudine should be discontinued and not to renew his application to exclude the diagnosis of pancreatitis.
The use of lamivudine does not prevent the possibility of infection through sexual intercourse or through blood.
The treatment should be borne in mind the possibility of a secondary infection.
Use in pediatrics
Experience in the use of lamivudine in children under 3 months of absence. Children with impaired renal function is recommended correction dosing regime in the same proportions as in adults.
With simultaneous use of lamivudine, zidovudine increases the duration of action of 13%, and its C max in the blood plasma – 28%. Zidovudine has no effect on the pharmacokinetics of lamivudine.
Marked synergism with AZT and other antiviral agents used in the treatment of infections caused by HIV, the replication of HIV in cell culture.
In an application with didanosine, sulfonamides, zalcitabine increased risk of developing pancreatitis.
While the use of dapsone, didanosine, isoniazid, stavudine, zalcitabine increased risk of developing peripheral neuropathy.
Trimethoprim increases concentration of lamivudine in plasma.
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